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:''Not to be confused with Philippi of Macedonia (modern Greece), or with Caesarea Maritima on the Mediterranean, or the town Caesarea in Israel, or with Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia.''.(''This site is identical with Banias'') Caesarea Philippi -Ancient Greek: Καισαρεία Φιλίππεια or Caesarea Paneas (Καισαρεία Πανειάς); even called "Neronias"- was an ancient Roman city located at the southwestern base of Mount Hermon. It was adjacent to a spring, grotto and related shrines dedicated to the Greek god Pan, and called "Banias'', ''Paneas", or ''Baniyas'' (not to be confused with Baniyas in northwestern Syria). The surrounding region was known as the "Panion". The city is mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew〔Matthew 16:13〕 and Mark.〔Mark 8:27〕 The city is now nearly uninhabited: it is an archaeological site in the Golan Heights called Banias. Banias does not appear in the Old Testament. Philostorgius, Theodoret, Benjamin of Tudela, and Samuel ben Samson all incorrectly identified it with Laish (Tel Dan),〔A Biblical History of Israel By Iain William Provan, V. Philips Long, Tremper Longman Published by Westminster John Knox Press, 2003 ISBN 0-664-22090-8 pp 181-183〕〔Wilson, John Francis. (2004) ibid p 150〕〔Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de Saulcy, Edouard de Warren (1854) ''Narrative of a Journey Round the Dead Sea, and in the Bible Lands; in 1850 and 1851. Including an Account of the Discovery of the Sites of Sodom and Gomorrah'' Parry and M'Millan, pp 417-418〕 while Eusebius of Caesarea accurately places Dan/Laish in the vicinity of Paneas at the fourth mile on the route to Tyre.〔Louis Félicien Joseph Caignart de Saulcy, Edouard de Warren (1854) ibid p 418〕 ==Pre-Roman history== Alexander the Great's conquests started a process of Hellenisation in Egypt and Syria that continued for 1,000 years. Paneas was first settled in the Hellenistic period. The Ptolemaic kings, in the 3rd century BC, built a cult centre. Panias is a spring, also known as Banias, named for Pan, the Greek god of desolate places. It lies close to the fabled "way of the sea" mentioned by Isaiah,〔Isaiah 9:1〕 along which many armies of Antiquity marched. In the distant past a giant spring gushed from a cave in the limestone bedrock, tumbling down the valley to flow into the Huela marshes. Currently it is the source of the stream Nahal Senir. The Jordan River previously rose from the malaria-infested Huela marshes, but it now rises from this spring and two others at the base of Mount Hermon. The flow of the spring has decreased greatly in modern times.〔Wilson, John F (2004) ''Banias: The Story of Caesarea Philippi, Lost City of Pan'' I.B.Tauris, ISBN 1-85043-440-9 p 2〕 The water no longer gushes from the cave, but only seeps from the bedrock below it. Paneas was certainly an ancient place of great sanctity and, when Hellenised religious influences were overlaid on the region, the cult of its local numen gave place to the worship of Pan, to whom the cave was dedicated and from which the copious spring rose, feeding the Huela marshes and ultimately supplying the river Jordan.〔Kent, Charles Foster (1912) Biblical Geography and History reprinted by Read Books, 2007 ISBN 1-4067-5473-0 pp 47-48〕 The pre-Hellenic deities that have been associated with the site are Ba'al-gad or Ba'al-hermon.〔Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995) ''International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A-D'' Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, ISBN 0-8028-3781-6 p 569〕 The Battle of Panium is mentioned in extant sections of Greek historian Polybius' history of "The Rise of the Roman Empire". The battle of Panium occurred in 198 BC between the Macedonian armies of Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid Greeks of Coele-Syria, led by Antiochus III.〔(Perseus ) Digitital Library. TUFTS University Polybius Book 16 para 18〕〔(Perseus ) Digitital Library. TUFTS University Polybius Book 16 para 19〕〔(Perseus ) Digitital Library. TUFTS University Polybius Book 16 para 20〕 Antiochus's victory cemented Selucid control over Phoenicia, Galilee, Samaria, and Judea until the Maccabean revolt. The Hellenised Sellucids built a pagan temple dedicated to Pan (a goat-footed god of victory in battle (of panic in the enemy ), desolate places, music and goat herds) at Paneas.〔Chambers Dictionary of Etymology: The Origins and Development of Over 25,000 English Words Edited By Robert K. Barnhart, Sol Steinmetz (1999) Chambers Harrap Publishers L, ISBN 0-550-14230-4, p 752〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caesarea Philippi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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